See ćwik on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "ćwik"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "ćwik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:zwic<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Sławski, Franciszek (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958-1965), “ćwik 2”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological dictionary of the Polish language</cite>] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Bańkowski, Andrzej (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2000), “ćwik I”, in <cite>Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish)</span></span>>",
"etydate": "1399",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zwicbor.\nOld Polish ćwik\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"zwic\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ćwik\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"ćwik\">\nBorrowed from Middle High German zwic. First attested in 1399.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Distelzwick"
},
"expansion": "German Distelzwick",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zwicbor.\nOld Polish ćwik\nBorrowed from Middle High German zwic. First attested in 1399. Compare modern dialectal German Distelzwick.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ćwik m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ćwik m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
45
]
],
"ref": "1856-1870 [1399], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume VIII, number 9314:",
"text": "Iaco krogulecz v Dobka moy byl, na ymyø czwik",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sparrowhawk trained or equipped for hunting"
],
"id": "en-ćwik-zlw-opl-noun-4sRQZvzu",
"links": [
[
"sparrowhawk",
"sparrowhawk"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲfik/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲfik/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwik",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ćwik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwik"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwik",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "person",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology 1, noun 2 sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "contamination"
},
"expansion": "contamination",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwik. Etymology 1, noun 2 sense 1 is an extension of the first sense and from contamination from ćwiczyć.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwików",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "ćwik m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwik"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ćwik"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 4 4 4 30 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "pl:Birds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trained hunting bird"
],
"id": "en-ćwik-pl-noun-pl:bird",
"links": [
[
"train",
"train"
],
[
"hunt",
"hunt"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) trained hunting bird"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:bird"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 11 9 4 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 66 0 4 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "pl:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old carp"
],
"id": "en-ćwik-pl-noun-vo~opbi5",
"links": [
[
"carp",
"carp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) old carp"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwik"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwik",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ćwik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćwik"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwik",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "person",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology 1, noun 2 sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "contamination"
},
"expansion": "contamination",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish ćwik. Etymology 1, noun 2 sense 1 is an extension of the first sense and from contamination from ćwiczyć.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwicy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwików",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwików",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwicy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ćwik m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwik"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ćwik"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"experienced person"
],
"id": "en-ćwik-pl-noun-pl:person",
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) experienced person"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:person"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwik"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćwiczyć"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from ćwiczyć",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "18th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 18th century",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1900), “ćwik”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 418</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from ćwiczyć. First attested in the 18th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwików",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "ćwik m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwik"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ćwik"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"discipline, rigor"
],
"id": "en-ćwik-pl-noun-zOFsnfPe",
"links": [
[
"discipline",
"discipline"
],
[
"rigor",
"rigor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) discipline, rigor"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Card games",
"orig": "pl:Card games",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 9 4 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 6 3 40 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 13 3 40 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 13 4 40 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 6 3 37 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 3 41 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 4 4 4 30 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "pl:Birds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"type of card game popular in Poland in the 18th century"
],
"id": "en-ćwik-pl-noun-WSbypN-J",
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, card games) type of card game popular in Poland in the 18th century"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwik"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1568"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1568",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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],
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],
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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],
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"links": [
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],
[
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],
[
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],
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],
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],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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],
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],
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},
{
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],
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{
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},
{
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}
],
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{
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"3": "gmh:zwic<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Sławski, Franciszek (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958-1965), “ćwik 2”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological dictionary of the Polish language</cite>] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Bańkowski, Andrzej (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2000), “ćwik I”, in <cite>Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish)</span></span>>",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Distelzwick"
},
"expansion": "German Distelzwick",
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}
],
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{
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"tags": [
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}
],
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},
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"Old Polish nouns",
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"Old Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
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"Old Polish terms with quotations",
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"Pages with 3 entries",
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"Pages with etymology trees",
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],
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{
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[
40,
45
]
],
"ref": "1856-1870 [1399], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume VIII, number 9314:",
"text": "Iaco krogulecz v Dobka moy byl, na ymyø czwik",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"sparrowhawk trained or equipped for hunting"
],
"links": [
[
"sparrowhawk",
"sparrowhawk"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲfik/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲfik/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
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{
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"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik/1 syllable",
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"pl:Fish",
"pl:People"
],
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{
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{
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{
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},
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "declension",
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},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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},
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},
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},
{
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]
},
{
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"vocative"
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},
{
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],
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],
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],
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{
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],
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],
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],
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],
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],
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},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
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],
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],
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],
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}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/",
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"Polish"
]
},
{
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{
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],
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{
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"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik/1 syllable",
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"pl:Birds",
"pl:Fish",
"pl:People"
],
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{
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{
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{
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},
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{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "contamination",
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}
],
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
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"source": "declension",
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]
},
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},
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]
},
{
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},
{
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwików",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikom",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwików",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikiem",
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikach",
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"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
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"tags": [
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"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwicy",
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"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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},
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}
],
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{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
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}
],
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"experienced person"
],
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) experienced person"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:person"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwik"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish back-formations",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik/1 syllable",
"pl:Bags",
"pl:Birds",
"pl:Fish",
"pl:People"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćwiczyć"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from ćwiczyć",
"name": "bf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "18th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 18th century",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1900), “ćwik”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 418</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from ćwiczyć. First attested in the 18th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwików",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwikach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćwiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "ćwik m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwik"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ćwik"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"discipline, rigor"
],
"links": [
[
"discipline",
"discipline"
],
[
"rigor",
"rigor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) discipline, rigor"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Card games"
],
"glosses": [
"type of card game popular in Poland in the 18th century"
],
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, card games) type of card game popular in Poland in the 18th century"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwik"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik",
"Rhymes:Polish/ik/1 syllable",
"pl:Bags",
"pl:Birds",
"pl:Fish",
"pl:People"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1568"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1568",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023), “2. ćwik”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in 1568.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ćwik m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-mid-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ćwika",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "ćwik m animacy unattested",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwik"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ćwik"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"accp": "-",
"accs": "-",
"datp": "-",
"dats": "-",
"genp": "-",
"gens": "-ćwika",
"insp": "-",
"inss": "-",
"locp": "-",
"locs": "-",
"nomp": "-",
"rnoms": "ćwik",
"vocp": "-",
"vocs": "-"
},
"name": "pl-mid-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"bag or sack for money"
],
"links": [
[
"bag",
"bag"
],
[
"sack",
"sack"
],
[
"money",
"money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) bag or sack for money"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
},
{
"homophone": "Ćwik"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:ćwik",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zwicbor.\nOld Polish ćwik\nSilesian ćwik\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"zwic\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ćwik\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Silesian\", \"term\" : \"ćwik\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"szl\" }\" data-lang=\"szl\" data-title=\"ćwik\">\nInherited from Old Polish ćwik.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zwicbor.\nOld Polish ćwik\nSilesian ćwik\nInherited from Old Polish ćwik.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "ćwik m pers",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćwik"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ćwik"
]
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ik",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ik/1 syllable",
"Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian masculine nouns",
"Silesian nouns",
"Silesian personal nouns",
"Silesian terms derived from Middle High German",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with audio pronunciation",
"szl:People"
],
"glosses": [
"know-it-all"
],
"links": [
[
"know-it-all",
"know-it-all"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕfik/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ik"
}
],
"word": "ćwik"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ćwik meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'ćwik m animacy unattested' in 'ćwik m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"ćwik"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćwik",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'ćwik m animacy unattested' in 'ćwik m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"ćwik"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćwik",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.